Norovirus GII.4 Sydney: origin and global distribution. A systematic review

The emergence of the norovirus GII.4 Sydney variant in 2012 caused a significant worldwide increase in gastroenteritis outbreaks. The article focuses on the problem of the emergence and further spread of the norovirus GII.4 Sydney variant, which is still one of the leading causes of viral gastroenteritis, especially in young children. The review summarizes data from the modern scientific literature on the detection of norovirus GII.4 Sydney and its recombinant forms — GII.4 Sydney[P31], GII.4 Sydney[P4 New Orleans], GII.4 Sydney[P16] и GII.4 Sydney[P12] in various countries. This review presents a comparison of the amino acid composition of the antigenic epitopes in the main capsid protein (VP1). The analysis focuses on four recombinants of the Sydney variant and includes a comparison with other variants (Grimsby 1995, Farmington Hills 2002, Hunter 2004, Yerseke 2006a, Den Haag 2006b, New Orleans 2009).