Kinematic Changes of Lower-Limb Joints During Walking in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability on Flat and Inclined Surfaces

Objective This study aimed to compare movement patterns, spatiotemporal variables, and joint range of motion of the lower limbs during walking between individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy controls on two surfaces: flat and inclined. Methods Eighteen individuals with chronic ankle instability (experimental group) and nineteen healthy participants (control group), aged 20 to 40 years, took part in this study. Lower-limb joint angles and spatial positions were recorded during walking on a flat surface and an externally inclined surface using a Qualisys motion capture system. Kinematic data were analyzed over a complete gait cycle.