Mechanistic Insights Into House Dust Mites Immunotherapy‐Induced Desensitization for Sustained Protection of Allergic Rhinitis in Mice

The worldwide prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is substantial and is considered a global health problem. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only approach that treats the underlying cause of allergy by inducing a desensitization response to the allergen. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and the possible desensitization mechanisms of house dust mite (HDM) allergen extract‐based IT against mice models of AR. The experimental mice were divided into six groups: normal group, normal group with HDM challenge, AR group, and three AR groups that received HDM‐IT at low, moderate, and high doses. The effectiveness of HDM‐IT was evaluated based on nose‐rubbing and sneezing behavior, IL‐4 mRNA expression, eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosal tissue, serum IgE levels, serum IgG2a levels, and serum IgE/IgG2a ratio. This study discovered that the administration of HDM‐IT reduced nose‐rubbing and sneezing behavior, decreased IL‐4 mRNA expression and eosinophil infiltration into nasal mucosal tissue, decreased serum IgE levels, increased serum IgG2a levels, and decreased serum IgE/IgG2a ratio in AR mice. Thus, HDM‐IT effectively promotes a desensitization response to HDM allergens in mouse models of AR.