Porównawcza analiza numeryczna izolatorów kołpakowych wysokiego napięcia w warunkach zanieczyszczonych i czystych z wykorzystaniem metody elementów skończonych

High-voltage insulators are vital for safety in power systems, but their performance is significantly compromised by environmental pollution. Contaminants like dust and salt mix with moisture to form conductive layers, dramatically increasing the risk of dangerous flashovers and power outages. To enhance the reliability of power networks, it is imperative to analyze and mitigate the effects of pollution on insulator performance.This study investigates the impact of pollution on high-voltage cap-and-pin insulators used by Algeria’s National Electricity and Gas Company. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, a numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the behavior of contaminants under both clean and polluted conditions. The research employs 2D and 3D simulations to assess electric field distribution, leakage current, and potential flashover risks. By comparing these results, the study demonstrates the accuracy of numerical modeling in predicting insulation performance under varying pollution levels. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing insulator design and maintenance strategies, ultimately contributing to improved grid reliability.