Study of exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and protective effects of Gallic acid on oxidative stress on peripheral lymphocytes of workers in the paint unit of an automobile industry

Exposure to workplace chemicals is a major concern across various industries, with serious consequences for workers' health and safety. The paint unit of the automotive industry exemplifies a workplace where hazardous chemicals are common. This unit is a significant source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are highly harmful. Monitoring workers is a common method for evaluating chemical exposure levels in occupational settings. Gallic acid (GA) acts as an antioxidant at low doses and has beneficial effects on human health. In this study, we examined oxidative stress in peripheral lymphocytes of workers exposed to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in a paint unit of an automotive industry, and evaluated the protective role of GA in this context. Exposure to BTEX was assessed using the NIOSH 1501 method. Additionally, oxidative and antioxidant stress parameters in peripheral lymphocytes were measured. The study results showed that workers' exposure to benzene exceeded the national occupational exposure limits (OEL), while exposure to toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene was below these limits. Furthermore, GA at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/ml reduced oxidative stress levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of paint unit workers and increased antioxidant enzyme levels and reduced glutathione (GSH). It is recommended that workers in this unit be continuously monitored and use personal protective equipment and control methods to reduce exposure. It is also recommended to use antioxidant compounds continuously to reduce the side effects of exposure.