An atomic-level lens on biomolecular condensation by NMR spectroscopy

• NMR provides residue-level insight into interactions driving biomolecular phase separation. • CSP, relaxation, PRE, NOE map interaction networks in phase-separating IDPs. • Solvent PRE, 19 F NMR, and systems NMR expand condensate characterization. • Solid-state NMR links liquid condensates to pathological solid aggregates in disease. • NMR integration with biophysical methods enables multiscale condensate analysis.