The Progress of Surgical Treatments in Cardiovascular Disease: Contemporary Innovations and Potential Developments

Cardiac surgery has undergone significant innovation over the past several years. The increased use of robotic surgery and transcatheter therapies has expanded the armamentarium of interventions available to patients. Here, we discuss the recent technological developments in coronary revascularization, structural heart procedures, and the surgical management of atrial fibrillation and heart failure, with particular emphasis on feasibility, clinical applicability, and potential for further innovation.