Defects of hard dental tissues: a current problem of modern society

Currently, problems associated with pathologies of hard dental tissues remain relevant in modern dentistry. For therapeutic dentistry, these diseases are the object of treatment, including filling, remineralization, and other methods of restoring tooth structure. However, in cases of extensive lesions, conservative approaches may prove ineffective, and prosthetic methods are then used, such as dental prosthetics, the purpose of which is to restore the shape, function, and aesthetics of teeth using removable or fixed prostheses. Therefore, a literature review analyzing modern classifications and methods of treatment for hard dental tissue lesions is presented. During data collection, special attention was paid to publications from the last ten years. The methodological basis of the study included a detailed analysis of scientific articles and a comparative analysis of various classification systems for carious and non-carious dental lesions. Pathologies of hard dental tissues represent one of the pressing problems of modern dentistry. In clinical practice, hard tissue defects are classified as carious and non-carious. In prosthetic dentistry, correct assessment of the type and extent of the defect is a key step in treatment planning. Thus, prosthetic dentistry considers hard tissue defects as indications for prosthetics. The best results are achieved with timely diagnosis, accurate classification of the defect, and elimination of its cause. Modern classifications help to standardize diagnostics and select the optimal treatment strategy, ranging from therapeutic methods to prosthetics.