Tailored management of a melanoma patient with bleeding brain metastases and deep vein thrombosis with thrombectomy

Abstract Case presentation We describe a 62-year-old man with disseminated melanoma (initially staged pT2aN0M0, AJCC stage IB, 8th edition AJCC) who developed multiple brain metastases with hemorrhagic transformation, pulmonary embolism, retrobulbar progression with eyeball herniation, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). After cerebral edema improved with corticosteroid tapering and the patient became asymptomatic, he started combination immunotherapy with ipilimumab (3 mg/kg q3w × 4) and nivolumab (1 mg/kg q3w × 4). Despite initial benefit, progression led to radiotherapy for retrobulbar lesion and subsequent targeted therapy with encorafenib (450 mg daily) and binimetinib (45 mg twice daily). Shortly after, the patient developed symptomatic left-leg DVT extending to the femoral vein with segmental pulmonary embolism. Given the contraindication to full anticoagulation, mechanical thrombectomy with the Indigo Aspiration System was performed, followed by prophylactic LMWH at reduced therapeutic dose (enoxaparin 1 mg/kg once daily due to recent thrombectomy and hemorrhagic risk from bleeding brain metastases). During targeted therapy, the patient experienced partial regression of brain, liver, and peritoneal metastases, although intracranial hemorrhage recurred later. Conclusions This case highlights the value of a multidisciplinary, tailored approach integrating immunotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and mechanical thrombectomy with no DVT recurrence observed following thrombectomy at 6-month follow-up.