The effect of scapular stabilization exercises on shoulder pain, scapular dyskinesis, muscle strength, and function in patients with subacromial impingement: a systematic review

Objectives: A correlation between subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) and altered scapular movement has been previously documented. This study sought to evaluate the impact of therapies targeting scapular components on alleviating shoulder pain, enhancing function, increasing range of motion (ROM), and improving muscular strength in people with shoulder pain and dysfunction. Data Sources: Systematic searches were conducted across six major databases for the period 2010 to 2024; these included Google Scholar, CINAHL, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Science Direct. Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the use of scapular stabilization exercises as interventions in patients with scapular dyskinesis (SD) and subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) were included in this systematic review (SR). This review was written based on the PRISMA guidance. Data Extraction: Each study’s methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Data Synthesis: This systematic review analyzed seven randomized controlled trials on scapular dyskinesia exercises. Results were mixed, with four studies showing significant effects while three found none. The variability in exercise types and combinations with other therapies could have influenced these outcomes. Conclusions: Scapular stabilization exercises aid recovery from shoulder impingement syndrome and scapular dyskinesia. Reviewed studies show heterogeneous results leading to inconclusive evidence on their effectiveness for improving scapular function and reducing discomfort. Nevertheless, these exercises are significant for addressing neuromuscular and biomechanical deficiencies, while the role of specific stabilization exercises in comprehensive rehabilitation remains unclear.