Successful control of double carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-NDM) outbreak in a hospital in Colombia.

Background Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae producing the carbapenemases K . pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) are a growing challenge in Latin America. These multi-drug-resistant strains have been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In Colombia, the spread of these infections has placed increasing pressure on healthcare systems. Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics and interventions implemented during an outbreak of co-producing KPC and NDM. Methods A retrospective study of a KPC/NDM K. pneumoniae outbreak in a Colombian university hospital (July 2023-March 2024). Clinical and epidemiological variables were analysed. Outbreak control focused on active screening, patient cohorting, and hand hygiene reinforcement (>80% compliance). Results Sixty-six cases were identified: 51.5% infections and 48.5% colonizations. Males predominated (56.1%) and the median age was 62 years. Bloodstream infections were the most common type of infection (17.6%), and the most affected service was general surgery (30.3%). The overall mortality rate was 13.6%, with no direct association with infection. Hand hygiene compliance exceeded 80% during the outbreak. Conclusions The multi-disciplinary response proved instrumental in containing the outbreak, underscoring the significance of strict adherence to infection prevention measures and other measures not implemented previously.