Intercropped Macadamia and Coffee in Agroforestry System in Zambia: a Case Study

This study examines the economic performance of an agroforestry system applied in Africa and complementary insights into its social and ecological implications, focusing on the intercropping of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) and Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica). The research was conducted on a 1.6-hectare area at Pamo Mangala Farm in Zambia between 2021 and 2024. During the study, we assessed and compared the effects of different planting systems on farm productivity, including homogeneous and heterogeneous layouts. The results show that intercropping can increase farm profitability through production diversification while supporting sustainable farming practices; it may also have positive effects on local employment and environmental conditions.