Ethical Aspects in Dentistry: From Conventional Practice to the Digital Era

Objective. This article aims to analyse the ethical implications associated with the transition from conventional dentistry to digitally driven dental practice, with particular emphasis on patient autonomy, confidentiality, professional responsibility, and equity of care in technologically advanced clinical environments. Methods. A narrative review of the scientific literature was conducted, focusing on ethical principles in conventional dentistry, the integration of digital technologies including electronic health records, digital imaging, artificial intelligence, and tele-dentistry, as well as relevant professional guidelines and regulatory frameworks. Results. The findings indicate that although digital technologies enhance diagnostic accuracy, clinical efficiency, and patient communication, they also introduce substantial ethical challenges. Major concerns include protection of sensitive patient data, cybersecurity risks, limitations of informed consent within complex digital systems, algorithmic bias, and uncertainty regarding professional accountability when artificial intelligence supports clinical decision-making. Several studies also reported insufficient ethical training and inconsistent regulatory oversight across clinical and educational settings. Furthermore, unequal access to digital resources may intensify existing disparities in oral healthcare delivery. Conclusions. The transition to digital dentistry requires updated ethical frameworks that maintain core bioethical principles while addressing emerging digital risks. Continuous ethical education, clear professional guidance, and responsible technology integration are essential to support patient-centred, transparent, and equitable dental care and to promote trust, safety, and accountability in everyday clinical decision-making processes.