Etiological factors of the formation of retrochorial hematomas in the first trimester of pregnancy

Aim - to establish the etiological factors of the formation of RCH in the first trimester of pregnancy in order to reduce the frequency of their occurrence. Materials and methods. Clinical observation was conducted in 164 pregnant women (main group, МG) with RCH who were undergoing examination and treatment and 48 pregnant women (control group, CG) who did not have RCH in the first trimester of pregnancy, for the period from 2022 to 2024. A clinical and statistical analysis of somatic, gynecological and reproductive anamnesis was conducted in 212 pregnant women to clarify the etiological factors of the development of RCH in them; the following anamnesis was collected: reproductive, gynecological, somatic, thrombotic (personal and family). Results. Among 212 pregnant women, infertility was detected in 45 (21.2%): in 38 (23.2%) in pregnant МG and in 7 (14.6%) in CG. Early pregnancy loss was significantly more often noted in the anamnesis in pregnant МG - 26 (15.8%) cases versus 4 (8.4%) in CG. Uterine leiomyoma was significantly more often observed in pregnant МG - 15 (9.1%) cases versus 3 (6.3%) in CG; the frequency of chronic endometritis in pregnant women in the МG was 40 (24.4%) cases versus 5 (10.4%) cases in the CG, which is significantly lower. The high frequency of uterine cavity wall scraping in the anamnesis in both studied groups - in 86 pregnant women (52.4%) in the МG and in 11 pregnant women (22.9%) in the CG. Weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in pregnant МG. Conclusions. The etiological factors of retrochorial hematomas were: antiphospholipid syndrome in 11.6% of cases, congenital thrombophilia in 16.5% of cases, infectious-inflammatory factor in 53.7% of cases, uterine developmental anomalies in 2.4% of cases, unspecified causes in 15.8% of cases. The study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. The authors declare no conflict of interest.