Revitalizing Indonesian marine governance: The need for legal reform

An effective legal framework is crucial for sustainable marine governance. However, misalignment between legal provisions and practical needs can hinder effective management. This paper examines Indonesia's Regional Government Law, highlighting its shortcomings in addressing community demands and stakeholder expectations for managing coastal and marine resources – factors that have contributed to governance disruptions. Drawing on field data, stakeholder interviews, and legal analysis, the study incorporates perspectives from local communities, NGOs, and industry actors to assess how governance frameworks align with on-the-ground realities. Using a case study approach, the research focuses on West Sumatra and Southwest Papua – regions that illustrate governance challenges in Indonesia's western and eastern territories. The findings reveal key weaknesses, such as unclear authority transitions and enforcement gaps, underscoring the need for institutional reform. This study proposes actionable solutions, including revisions to Regional Government Law No. 23 of 2014, to enhance marine governance and support sustainable resource management. These insights can guide policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in aligning legal frameworks with community needs and strengthening Indonesia's marine conservation efforts.