Enhancing solar panel efficiency using parallel perforated fin-based passive cooling: a simulation study

Solar photovoltaic system reliance demands effective thermal management to mitigate efficiency losses from elevated module temperatures. Previous research investigated solid parallel fins, yet limited studies explored perforated parallel fins. Hence, this study investigates performance of perforated parallel fins as a passive cooling solution for monocrystalline solar panels, to enhance heat dissipation by mitigating stagnation zones. A 36 cell PV module, with and without fins, was modelled in SolidWorks and underwent fluid flow analysis using the Flow Simulation library. Five variations of perforated fins were explored, differing in perforation diameter, count, and geometry, and compared with solid fins. Additionally, fin materials (aluminum, copper, and stainless steel) were evaluated to determine their influence on thermal performance. Simulation results were validated using a theoretical model and empirical field data. Findings reveal that 10mm diameter circular perforated fins in a 9 by 10 array achieved the lowest average module temperature of 59.79 °C corresponding to −9.8% power efficiency loss, significantly outperforming solid fins (56 °C and −12 % loss). Copper fins demonstrated superior thermal performance, but aluminum offered optimal balance of conductivity, weight and cost. Circular perforations cooled the modules by 1.59 °C and 2.13 °C more than square and triangular perforations respectively. In conclusion, the results affirm perforated fins as an effective and sustainable passive cooling enhancement for PV systems, as aluminum perforated parallel fins cooled PV modules by 24.61°C and 5.63 °C more than bare and solid parallel finned solar panels.