Activité gastroprotectrice de Linum usitatissimum et Fumaria capreolata dans l’ulcère gastrique induit par l’éthanol chez la souris

Linum usitatissimum (Linaceae) and Fumaria capreolata L. (Papaveraceae), traditionally used in North Africa for gastrointestinal disorders, were evaluated for gastroprotective activity in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer models in mice. Misoprostol (200 μg/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg) served as references. Pretreatment with flaxseed fixed oil and alkaloids of Fumaria (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulceration (87.7% and 78.6% inhibition). Fumaria ethanolic extract provided nearly complete protection (98%), comparable to misoprostol and superior to omeprazole (77.2%), while Fumaria alkaloids showed moderate effects (39–46%). Histopathological analysis confirmed mucosal preservation in the treated groups, whereas ethanol controls showed severe lesions. Phytochemical screening revealed high phenolic and flavonoid content, with F. capreolata exhibiting stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.084 mg/mL) than flaxseed (IC50 = 0.9 mg/mL). Acute toxicity assays indicated safety up to 1000 mg/kg.These findings demonstrate significant antiulcer and antioxidant properties of both plants, supporting their potential as safe, natural alternatives to conventional gastroprotective therapies.