Dyslipidemia: a role of hereditary and secondary factors

Dyslipidemia is defined as a deviation of at least one lipid profile parameter from normal values. In different populations, prevalence of dyslipidemia ranges from 33.8% to 76.7% of the surveyed cohort. The aim of this work is to analyze hereditary and secondary factors that cause certain manifestations of dyslipidemia. The obesity epidemic observed in recent decades is accompanied by impaired lipid metabolism and changes in the plasma lipid profile indicating increased atherogenic potential leading to vascular damage and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Increasingly diagnosed obesity and increasing incidence of dyslipidemia in adolescents indicate the likelihood of premature cardiovascular diseases. The structure of dyslipidemia is complex and it can include a variety of causes and manifestations. Dyslipidemias are generally divided into familial/primary dyslipidemias and acquired/secondary dyslipidemias, that is, those associated with predisposing diseases and pathological conditions, as well as use of certain medications. Elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are the most common in clinical practice. Each nosological variant of dyslipidemia has its own distinctive features which are highlighted in the review. KEYWORDS: dyslipidemia, cholesterol, atherosclerosis, lipoproteins, triglycerides, chylomicrons, low-density lipoproteins. FOR CITATION: Shumeyko E.A., Senatorova O.V. Dyslipidemia: a role of hereditary and secondary factors. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2026;10(1):26–32 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2026-10-1-4