Being Trans and in Care: A Qualitative Examination of In Situ Experience

Trans and non-binary (TNB) youth are overrepresented in out-of-home care, yet data—particularly regarding experiences of abuse and care trajectories in Quebec—remain limited. This study explores the placement experiences of six TNB youth using a grounded theory approach informed by an anti-oppressive, trans-affirmative framework. Most participants initiated their gender transition while in care and encountered systemic challenges within gendered facilities. They reported misgendering, transphobic violence, rights violations, and inconsistent support, revealing ethical and structural tensions in youth protection services. These findings highlight the need for institutional reform and professional training to ensure affirming and safe care environments.