Chemoimmunotherapy for localized non-small cell lung cancer: A new standard for all stage III?

The management of stage III non-small-cell lung cancers represents a therapeutic challenge due to their heterogeneity, requiring a multimodal approach. The definition of resectability is a crucial point in guiding the optimal treatment strategy. In patients with resectable disease and no oncogenic driver alterations, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy before surgery has emerged as a new standard, providing significant improvements in pathological response, event-free survival and overall survival, compared to chemotherapy alone. These excellent results prompt consideration of chemoimmunotherapy in patients with potentially resectable or unresectable disease, particularly in combination with chemoradiotherapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the role of chemoimmunotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancers, whether resectable, potentially resectable or unresectable.