Coordinación entre la planificación hídrica y territorial en México y España

The coordination between water planning and territorial ordering constitutes a key element to confront complex socio-environmental problems, such as the overexploitation of aquifers, disorderly urban growth, and the effects of climate change. This article analyses the Mexican case in light of the Spanish experience, considering the structural similarities between the two systems—decentralized water management, basin planning, and consolidated regulatory frameworks—and, at the same time, the differences in the legal effects of the coordination mechanisms. Based on a qualitative analysis of the regulatory framework, water and territorial planning instruments, and interviews with decision-makers in both countries, it is shown that, while in Spain hydrological planning is binding and prevails over other sectoral planning, in Mexico, coordination rests mainly on informal and discretionary mechanisms. The strengthening of legal coordination instruments, with binding effects and clear procedures, is essential to move towards integrated management of water and territory that reduces socio-water and environmental risks.