Recent Advances in 3D Printing Technologies for Scaffold Fabrication and Bioprinting

This article reviews various Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, including Stereolithography (SLA), Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each method while highlighting recent advancements in their development. The study emphasizes the capability of 3DP to fabricate complex structures with intricate internal geometries and channels, including those involving temperature-sensitive materials. SLA is noted for its high resolution and ability to process multi-resin models, whereas FDM is recognized for its cost-effectiveness and suitability for polymer-based applications. Furthermore, emerging research on SLS and bioprinting techniques is explored, particularly their potential to fabricate scaffolds with direct cell integration and enhanced flexibility. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of current challenges and future prospects of AM technologies in advancing tissue engineering applications.