Retrospective analysis of reproductive tract disease incidence in intact female African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris).

BACKGROUND Reproductive tract disease is frequently reported in African pygmy hedgehogs, yet the true prevalence and spectrum of lesions remain unclear. Clinical information is often limited to case description, and mild or chronic pathologies may be underdiagnosed.

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, types, and clinical characteristics of reproductive tract disease in female African pygmy hedgehogs, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of haematology, plasma biochemistry, vaginal cytology, ultrasonography, histopathology, and microbiological culture.

METHODS A retrospective study was performed of 53 female hedgehogs presented between May 2O22 and June 2024. Three previously sterilised animals were excluded. Clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and histopathological results were analysed descriptively.

RESULTS Reproductive tract disease was identified in 32% (16/50) of intact females. The median age of affected animals was 3.5 years. Uterine masses were detected in 56% (9/16) of affected females. Neoplasia was confirmed in 55% (5/9) cases of these presented uterine masses(stromal sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma an including endometrial polyp). Chronic superficial endometritis and cystic endometrial hyperplasia occurred in 50% (8/16)of cases. Bacterial culture was positive in 44% of the obtained samples (4/9), predominantly Escherichia coli, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Proteus vulgaris. Common haematological abnormalities included monocytosis and anaemia. Ultrasonography reliably detected uterine enlargement, fluid accumulation, cystic changes, and mass-like lesions. Vaginal cytology provided supportive evidence of inflammation.

CONCLUSION Reproductive tract disease in female African pygmy hedgehogs presents a broader range of inflammatory and hyperplastic conditions than previously recognised. Ultrasonography, haematology, and vaginal cytology offer valuable diagnostic information, and preventive sterilisation should be considered to reduce the risk of reproductive pathology.