The Use of Feed Additives and Fungicides in the Agro-Industrial Complex in Light of the Antibiotic Resistance Problem. Part 1

In the agro-industrial complex (AIC), it is recommended, whenever possible, to use the compounds that are considered not to have a significant impact on the problem of antibiotic resistance instead of antibiotic drugs that are undesirable from the point of view of the development of resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotics are represented by different classes of compounds and have different mechanisms of action; they act as inhibitors of bacterial and fungal cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell membrane functions. A number of such antibiotics are considered as feed additives and growth promoters for the prevention of bacterial infections and accelerated growth of young animals, as well as fungicides in veterinary medicine and plant growing. Antibiotics come in a variety of classes and have different mechanisms of action; they act as inhibitors of bacterial and fungal cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell membrane function. This review presents the structures of these antibiotics, their mechanisms of action, and the potential for resistance development, including their impact on the human ecosystem.