The association between group exercise and the quality of life of community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the fourth-largest older adult population with minimal physical activity levels globally. Physical inactivity reduces physical fitness and increases the risk of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and social isolation, whereas group exercise promotes physical activity and develops social relationships among older adults. This study assessed whether participation in group exercise sessions is associated with the quality of life of community-dwelling older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out among older adults participating in community-based group exercise programs in Indonesia from January to December 2024. One hundred twenty-one persons were selected using convenience sampling technique. Physical activity was assessed through interviews. Physical fitness was evaluated using the modified 30-s sit-to-stand test and the 4-m gait speed (4MGS), whereas EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire was used to measure quality of life. RESULTS: Majority (80%) were aged 60-74 years, were females (72%); 60% were categorized as having moderate physical activity levels with a mean metabolic equivalent value of 4.08 ± 0.67. A mild correlation was observed between physical activity level and mobility (r = 0.181, P = 0.047), while a significant moderate correlation was found with physical fitness (r = 0.202, P = 0.026). Quality of life was generally good (mean EQ-5D index 0.89 ± 0.15). Older adults with higher physical fitness levels demonstrated significantly better scores (0.92 ± 0.11). CONCLUSION: Participation in group exercise sessions was associated with better quality of life in older adults and was linked to higher physical activity levels, improved physical fitness, mobility, and peer socialization.