BiFeO3-based dielectric capacitors for energy storage applications: Recent progresses and prospects

High energy and power density materials are essential to meet the growing demands of portable electronics, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage systems. Although fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors offer the highest energy densities, dielectric capacitors have emerged as highly attractive candidates for pulsed-power applications owing to their ultrafast charge/discharge capability and exceptionally high-power density. This review presents a critical and comprehensive analysis of recent advances in BiFeO 3 (BFO)-based dielectric capacitors for energy storage. We first elucidate the fundamental parameters governing energy storage performance, and the key factors affecting device efficiency and reliability. We then examine recent advances in both binary and ternary BFO-based systems, together with strategies employed to overcome the challenges associated with their integration into practical energy storage technologies. Finally, perspectives are offered on future direction and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field.