Which Patient Benefits from Guideline-directed Medical Therapy for Heart Failure and Rate Control versus Rhythm Control in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation and What are Those Therapies?

The management of AF in patients with heart failure is complex and nuanced. This paper explores the potential antiarrhythmic effects of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure and reviews the pharmacological and ablative treatments for AF. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is discussed separately from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Treatment recommendations for each heart failure subtype are given.