Measuring the economic contribution of the bioeconomy and circular economy: an example from Arizona

This study develops a replicable framework for estimating the size and economic contribution of the bioeconomy and circular economy, using Southern Arizona as an illustrative case. It employs input–output modeling to include multiplier effects, reporting results in terms of jobs supported and value added. Because the framework relies exclusively on publicly available state- and county-level data, it can be readily applied to other U.S. regions, enabling consistent comparison across places and over time.