Genomic Epidemiological Surveillance and Epidemic Forecasting

Relevance. The current global epidemiological situation is characterized by a highly challenging epidemiological situation caused by the combination of emerging biological challenges and persistent traditional threats, necessitating the development and implementation of innovative approaches to epidemiological surveillance and to forecasting the epidemic process of infections caused by known and potential pathogens. Aims. To substantiate a strategy for proactive assessment of epidemiological risks based on genomic epidemiological surveillance in order to improve epidemic prevention and optimize control measures. Conclusion. The modern paradigm of predictive epidemiological analysis relies on integrating pathogen genome data with assessment of its evolutionary potential and the host epigenetic response, which serves as a universal early marker of infection, including infections caused by previously unknown pathogens. Integration of these data with digital platforms enables a systematic, multi-level genomic epidemiological surveillance framework aimed at preventing possible epidemics and pandemics and at developing and optimizing public-health response strategies.