Explaining the Role of Organized Crime Groups in Sports Manipulation Through Rational Choice Theory

This paper explores the intricate relationship between organized crime groups (OCGs) and sports manipulation, highlighting how these criminal networks have infiltrated the sports industry to exploit its vulnerabilities. Sports manipulation is defined as deliberate actions to alter the integrity of sports competitions through activities such as match-fixing, illegal betting, and doping. Using Rational Choice Theory, the paper provides a theoretical framework to understand the motivations of OCGs, emphasizing their calculated approach to maximizing benefits while minimizing risks. The structure and operational strategies of these groups are analyzed, revealing their sophisticated networks and global influence. Data on sports manipulation investigations from 2018 to 2023 is presented to demonstrate the growing prevalence of such cases. Additionally, the legal frameworks and initiatives by different organisation in European Union to combat the sports manipulation are discussed in detail. By integrating theoretical insights, case studies, and legal frameworks, this paper underscores the urgent need for a unified global strategy to safeguard the integrity of sports.