Graphene research and applicationsTopological Materials and Phenomena2D Materials and Applications

Paola De Padova, B. Olivieri, Carlo Ottaviani, A. Generosi, P. Prete, M. Krawiec

2026.3.1Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

DOI: 10.1177/18479804261419160

Abstract

The electronic and structural properties of silicene, multilayer silicene, and 2D silicon films, synthesised on Ag(111), Au(111) and on the α- and β-phase Si(111)√3 × √3R30°-Bi, have been reviewed according to the results of investigations made by low energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, low/high electron energy diffraction, reflection electron energy loss, scanning tunnelling microscopy as well as spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The findings revealed the successful growth of silicene and multilayer silicene on Ag(111) single crystal, and on the α-phase Si(111)√3 × √3R30°-Bi, while, at variance, two-dimensional Si islands (2D Si) still showing the √3 × √3R30° reconstruction, parallel to that of bismuth, were obtained on the β-phase Si(111)√3 × √3R30°-Bi. Single layer of blue phosphorus synthesised on Au(111) single crystal and on Te/Au(111), were also reviewed, and compared to silicene deposited on Ag(111) single crystal, as well as to their first-principles density functional theory calculations to show their interesting structural properties.

Citation format

PADOVA, Paola De, et al. Silicene, multilayer silicene and single layer blue phosphorus on different templates. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, 2026, 16.