Medicine

A. Ryzhkov, A. Rashed, Mohamed Arafa, G. Pinggera, C. Wyns, Tan V. Le, M. Falcone, T. Shatylko, G. Colpi, Jonathan Ramsay, A. Kadıoğlu, B. Altay, M. Martinez, Mohamed S. Al-Marhoon, E. Taha, Rupin Shah, Ashok Agarwa

2026.3.5World Journal of Mens Health

DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.250327

Abstract

Managing non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) remains among the most challenging areas in reproductive medicine. Despite advances in surgical techniques, genetic diagnostics, and laboratory methodologies, no single strategy guarantees success. Clinicians must navigate a landscape of incomplete predictors, variable responses to hormonal or surgical interventions, and often limited evidence guiding their decisions. [...]

Citation format

RYZHKOV, A., et al. Management of non-obstructive azoospermia: Practical answers to key clinical questions. World Journal of Mens Health, 2026, 44.