Kidney, Pituitary, Eyes, and Nose Involved in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract Introduction Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by diverse clinical manifestations. Central diabetes insipidus resulting from pituitary involvement in AAV is exceedingly rare. Case Presentation This article presented a rare case of a young patient with a medical history of 8 years, who presented with sinusitis, pituitary microadenoma with central diabetes insipidus, acute renal injury, right abducens nerve paralysis (strabismus, diplopia), and most cases were not accompanied by an increase of ANCA titer. Conclusion Our case showed that granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) has a variety of clinical manifestations and rapid progression. The patient was diagnosed with GPA and treated with glucocorticoids combined with cyclophosphamide and desmopressin. Following treatment, his renal impairment, diabetes insipidus, and diplopia improved, achieving clinical remission. This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment for the patient’s prognosis.