Assessment of Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cell Differential, Interleukin-35, and Interleukin-17 Levels in Asthma Patients

Background: Asthma is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation within the bronchi of the respiratory system. Many cells and cellular elements play important roles in asthma, leading to the recurrence of inflammatory cells that modulate the airway system. The current study was designed to assess blood cell morphology, complete blood count, and levels of IL17 and IL35 in asthma patients. Method: Blood samples of 120 volunteer’s ages ranged (18 - 76) years divided into patients group confirming by a specialist doctor and are prescribed steroidal and bronchodilator medications, 80 of both sex (40 per group) patient group and healthy group 40 of both sex control groups (20 per group), where collected at Al-Zahra Center for Allergy and Asthma / Baghdad Governorate/ Al-Karkh during period from December 2022 to April 2023, Results: The outcome of the present study showed that blood samples were analyzed using CBC tests, blood smear examination, and ELISA. The results showed a significant decrease in IL-17 and IL-35 levels in asthma patients compared with controls (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in RBC and WBC counts or blood cell morphology. These findings suggest that IL-17 and IL-35 play an important role in asthma pathogenesis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significantly reduced levels of interleukin -17 and interleukin -35 in asthma patients, while hematological parameters remained unchanged. These findings highlight the role of immune cytokines in asthma pathogenesis and suggest their potential use as biomarkers for disease monitoring. Further large-scale studies are recommended.