Caracterización del fenotipo eritrocitario ABO, RH, y KELL en donantes de sangre, Arequipa. 2020 al 2024

Information on the distribution and frequency of ABO, Rh (DCE), and KELL blood types is useful for effective management and institutional administration in blood banks, allowing for the control of transfusion and fetomaternal allosensitization risks. To analyze the frequency and distribution of the ABO, RH, and KELL blood phenotypes in the blood donor population, a cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive field study was conducted, using a data collection instrument on 2,949 care records. The results show a predominance of the 0 RHDCEce (22%), 0 RHDEc (16.9%), 0 RHDce (10.9%), and 0 RHDCce (10.8%) phenotypes, primarily from the Cerro Colorado district and the Cercado district, although the distribution is fairly homogeneous and proportional across districts and the different expressions of the ABO and RHDCE systems. Among the RHD-negative phenotypes, the O RHdce expression predominates in 66.7% of donors from the Cercado, Cerro Colorado, and Paucarpata districts; Similarly, the incidence of the Kell-positive phenotype is very low, accounting for 1.8% of the total donors studied. It is concluded that the distribution of blood phenotypes is primarily O RHDCece K-, with a predominance of group O, the absence of the Kell antigen, and the expression, to a greater or lesser extent, of all RH antigens. Their origin is homogeneous across the different districts of the province of Arequipa.