Gut Microbiota Profiles in Common Non-Communicable Diseases- A Narrative Review

Purpose:‎ The gastrointestinal tract in humans is composed of various microorganisms including bacteria, ‎viruses, archaea, protozoa, and fungi. The interactions between gut and the microorganisms are ‎crucial for the processes such as digestion, nutrient absorption, immune function, and metabolic ‎regulation. Altered gut microbiota called dysbiosis, has been linked to the development and ‎progression of various non-communicable diseases. This review has been aimed to address the ‎alterations of gut microbiota in various non-communicable diseases.‎ Methods:‎ A thorough literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and ‎Google Scholar between January 2015 and December 2024 to identify studies examining the ‎impact of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. The search utilized keywords such as gut ‎microbiota, gut dysbiosis, and altered microbiota in non-communicable diseases. The studies ‎included were full research articles and studies published in English. In this comprehensive ‎review, we explored the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and human health, ‎focusing on its role in common metabolic disorders such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction-‎associated fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune ‎diseases, mental disorders, and cancer. Studies involving animal models, and cell lines and ‎reviews were excluded.‎ Conclusions: ‎The altered gut microbiota is involved in the initiation and progression of various non-‎communicable diseases. The dysbiosis not only aggravates the disease, but also causes ‎refractoriness to the management of the disease. Hence, it is better to identify the causes of ‎dysbiosis to control the harmful bacteria and to bring relief to the individuals with common con-‎communicable diseases‎.