Environmental Harmony in Hospitality: Integrating People, Technology, and Ethics for Sustainable Tourism Diplomacy

The hospitality industry plays a vital role in advancing global sustainability goals, yet it continues to face challenges in integrating environmental responsibility with business competitiveness. However, existing hospitality sustainability reviews often treat human resource systems, digital innovation, and stakeholder responses as separate streams, leaving an unresolved question of how these elements jointly translate sustainability commitments into implementation outcomes. This study presents a comprehensive narrative literature review examining green practices within the hospitality sector, focusing on the intersection of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), technological innovation, and consumer behavior. Drawing on peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2025, the analysis identifies key trends, drivers, and barriers to sustainability adoption across diverse regional contexts. Findings reveal that GHRM enhances employee pro-environmental behavior (PEB) as a core implementation mechanism through strategic recruitment, training, and leadership engagement, while emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and digital waste-tracking systems improve operational efficiency and environmental accountability. Moreover, consumers increasingly demand authenticity and transparency, influencing brand trust and loyalty. Despite global progress, significant regional disparities persist due to financial and institutional constraints in developing economies. The study is limited by its reliance on secondary literature, suggesting the need for future empirical and comparative research to validate these findings across different contexts. Overall, this research contributes to sustainable hospitality scholarship by proposing an integrative framework that (1) clarifies the behavioral pathway linking GHRM and technology to sustainability outcomes and (2) specifies research directions for testing socio-technical and stakeholder interactions across contexts, connecting people, technology, and ethics as foundations for achieving long-term environmental and economic sustainability.