Biodiversity of citrus fruits in Bangladesh

Citrus biodiversity in Bangladesh is a critical asset for the nation’s agriculture, economy, and cultural heritage. Home to a diverse range of citrus species, including mandarins, sweet oranges, lemons, pummelos, limes, and unique cultivars like shatkora and ada lebu, Bangladesh benefits from its subtropical monsoon climate and fertile soils. These fruits are integral to rural livelihoods, traditional medicine, and local cuisine, while also contributing significantly to the national economy through domestic production and exports. However, citrus biodiversity faces numerous challenges, including habitat loss due to deforestation and urbanization, climate change-induced stresses, and the over-reliance on commercially popular cultivars, which narrows the genetic base. The prevalence of pests and diseases, coupled with limited farmer awareness and inadequate institutional support, further compounds the risks. To address these issues, sustainable conservation strategies are crucial. On-farm preservation of traditional cultivars, establishment of gene banks, organic farming practices, and integrated pest management (IPM) can play vital roles in protecting genetic diversity. Agroforestry systems, alongside community education and farmer incentives, offer additional solutions for promoting biodiversity-friendly practices. Recent initiatives by research institutions and government agencies have made significant progress, yet more collaborative efforts are needed to ensure the long-term resilience and sustainability of Bangladesh’s citrus biodiversity.