A novel risk assessment framework: integrating fuzzy failure mode and effect analysis with ISO 31000 and ISO 9001 standards

This study proposes a novel risk assessment framework that integrates Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), fuzzy logic, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). To ensure standardized and comprehensive implementation, the framework is aligned with ISO 31000 and ISO 9001. As organizational processes become more complex, digitalizing risk assessment is increasingly important to ensure consistency, traceability, and effectiveness. Accordingly, this study also aims to develop software that implements the proposed framework. A web-based application was developed using CodeIgniter (CI), a lightweight and widely adopted PHP framework. The proposed framework was validated through three case studies: a fan testing simulation, an Organic Rankine Cycle design, and records from a government institution. An integrated Fuzzy–FMEA–AHP framework, aligned with ISO 31000 and ISO 9001, was successfully developed. The framework emphasizes standardized risk assessment processes, role-based authority, and structured documentation. Validation results show that both manual and automated calculations achieved high accuracy, with percentage errors below 3%. The framework effectively prioritizes risks while reducing assessor bias. Moreover, digital implementation improves operational efficiency, strengthens decision-making, and enables real-time, comprehensive documentation. This study contributes to the advancement of risk management practices by providing organizations with a standardized, objective, and digitally supported approach to risk assessment. Traditional FMEA is limited by expert subjectivity and equal weighting of risk factors. This study addresses these limitations by integrating Fuzzy–FMEA–AHP with ISO 31000 and ISO 9001 within a single operational framework. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to combine Fuzzy–FMEA–AHP with multiple-standard integration and implement it through a web-based system.