Harnessing Forest Rights for NTFP-Driven Livelihoods: Sustainable Pathways for the Kandha Community in Kalahandi, Odisha

This study investigates the influence of forest rights and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) on the livelihoods of the Kandha community in Kalahandi District, Odisha, India. The primary objectives are to identify key factors that enhance NTFP income and assess the impact of various types of forest rights on consumption patterns and income levels. Employing a descriptive survey method, research was conducted in six villages bordering the Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary, an area known for its rich biodiversity and substantial tribal population. Data were gathered through household interviews and focus group discussions with diverse stakeholders, providing a thorough understanding of socio-economic profiles, forest dependency, and NTFP usage. A multi-stage sampling approach was implemented, involving 112 households. The findings indicate that households with Community Forest Rights experience higher NTFP income and exhibit more sustainable consumption patterns. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model identifies community rights, gender, affiliation with NTFP-specific institutions, frequency of forest visits, and proximity to forest resources as key determinants of NTFP income. This study underscores the pressing need for a more equitable distribution of forest rights and targeted interventions to enhance economic resilience and empower tribal communities that heavily rely on forest resources. The proposed policy measures aim to establish a sustainable framework that integrates ecological conservation with the livelihood needs of the Kandha community, fostering both environmental sustainability and economic stability.