Rapid Detection of Antibiotics and Pesticide Residues Using a Tungsten–Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate

Pervasive residues of antibiotics and pesticides present a dual threat: acute poisoning and chronic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risks. To address the technical bottleneck of complex sample pretreatment in traditional methods for acute poisoning incidents, this study developed a highly sensitive and stable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for rapid detection of poisoning substances. Using electrophoretic deposition, we achieved ordered, dense assembly of tungsten–gold nanoparticles on a gold film. This engineered structure, combined with the excellent adsorption properties of tungsten oxide single atoms, enables a synergistic enhancement in both signal intensity and uniformity. The substrate exhibits high SERS performance, with an enhancement factor of ≈10 7 and a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 20%. The detection limit for various analytes reached 1 ppb. In spiked serum tests, recovery rates were 80%–120% with RSD < 15%, demonstrating strong matrix resistance and practical reliability. This work provides a universal SERS platform for ultrasensitive, rapid (<5 min) detection of multiple antibiotics and pesticides, supporting on‐site emergency diagnosis and large‐scale monitoring of long‐term exposure and AMR risks.