A nature-based solution for energy efficiency, sustainability, and human well-being

ABSTRACT This study proposes an integrated three-phase synthesized process model with the aim of enhancing the sustainability and resilience of urban and rural environments. It provides an analytical framework for achieving environmentally sustainable land planning practices through the integration of five pivotal concepts: bio-collaboration, bio-utilization, bio-inspiration, biophilic design, and biomimicry design. By integrating these five nature-inspired elements the proposed process model leverages the interconnectedness of natural systems, thereby fostering holistic solutions that balance ecological, social, and economic needs. By integrating salutogenic design principles with nature-based solutions in the proposed model, planners, policymakers, and architects can establish sustainable, resilient systems that harmonize ecological well-being with human progress. The study adopts mixed methods research methodology (qualitative-heavy) and a semi-systematic review method to synthesize elements of an untapped process model for achieving environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the proposed process model is expected to supplement the existing conceptual models of integrated environmental sustainability that may not be directly executable. The study examined 12 previously completed projects that involved the simulation of energy performance using a variety of tracking methods for indoor environmental quality data and post-occupancy evaluations with standardized well-being surveys. Results indicate that both biophilic and biomimicry designs each resulted in sustainable energy savings and improved human well-being. We believe that future research should focus on scalability and ecosystem-specific adaptations, quantifying long-term performance, human-centric outcomes, policy and stakeholder integration, and technological synergies.