Numerical simulation of hybrid nanofluid flow over a Riga plate with local thermal non-equilibrium conditions

The local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) effects are used for temperature variances between liquid and solid phases in porous media and heat transfer systems, such as nuclear waste disposal, geothermal reservoirs and packed bed reactors. This study provides a comprehensive modeling of hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow along a Riga plate, combining impacts of LTNE between the solid and liquid stages. LTNE is used to determine the energy equations and distinct temperature profiles for the liquid and solid phases. The model considers a Riga plate fixed in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium to highlight the dominant electrohydrodynamic interactions. The effect of activation energy is also considered. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are changed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the application of similarity transformations. The bvp-4c technique with a shooting methodology is used to describe the created system of ODEs. The impacts of important parameters on concerned profiles have been demonstrated in tabular and graphical forms. The outputs determine that LTNE significantly improves thermal performance, while the Riga plate efficiently moderates boundary layer dynamics. The temperature for solid phase decreases by raising the parameter of non-dimensional inter phase heat transfer. The concentration profile declines by growing the Lewis number. The Darcy–Forchheimer effects significantly influence flow and thermal transport. The study offers understanding of improving HNF applications for thermal management.