TeSe nanoparticle-integrated exosomes for accelerated diabetic Pressure ulcer healing via NIR-II triggered synergy

Highlights • NIR-II responsive TeSe nanoparticles synergize with hADSC-Exos for DPU healing.• Repeated low-dose exosome injections outperform single high-dose delivery.• TeSe-mediated PTT provides deep-tissue antibacterial and pro-angiogenic effects.• Synergistic therapy promotes collagen remodeling and hair follicle regeneration.