Evaluation of Factors Affecting Innovation in Developed and Developing Countries by MCDM

This study comparatively analyzes the economic, social, and technological factors determining the innovation performance of developed and developing countries within a holistic multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework, using data from 2013 and 2021. The criterion weights determined by CRITIC and SWARA, and the WEDBA results, indicate a significant structural shift between the periods. In developed countries, R&D expenditures, patent production, and intellectual property protection are key determinants of innovation performance; while in developing countries, digital infrastructure, human capital, and education investments stand out. The findings reveal that innovation policies based on strategic priorities specific to country groups are more effective.