Mental Health, Well-being, and Sexual Health in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is associated with significant psychological burden in women and couples. This systematic review examines the impact of RPL on mental health, quality of life, sexual health, and sleep using evidence from observational studies. A total of 23 peer-reviewed studies using validated psychometric tools were included. Participants were mostly women (n = 12,759; aged 19-47) and some men (n = 1,419; aged 20-49). Of the women, 60.6% had RPL, while 31% had no RPL. Among men, 83.4% were partners of women with RPL. Results showed that women with RPL experienced significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as reduced sexual health, sleep quality, and overall well-being. Social support was identified as a key protective factor. However, variation in methods and measurement tools limited comparability across studies. The impact on couples, especially male partners, remains underexplored due to scarce data. Findings underscore the urgent need for integrated, multidisciplinary psychological support in healthcare settings to improve mental health and quality of life for individuals and couples affected by RPL.