Kazakh in the national policy of the Ural region in the 1930s.

The article examines the policy towards Kazakhs who settled in the Ural region in 1932–1933. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the recruitment of Kazakh families to industrial enterprises in the Urals as part of a campaign to promote the settlement of Kazakh (nomads) of the Kazakh ASSR in the first half of the 1930s. During this period, several thousand people were transported to the Urals with the participation of the central authorities. The authors conclude that the campaign in question was perceived by local authorities as an integral part of national policy, since during this period similar campaigns were conducted against a number of other Soviet peoples. It was distinguished from the simple resettlement policy by an additional set of measures for cultural and educational adaptation, taking into account the national characteristics of the arriving migrants, including cultural and mass work, assistance in learning their native language, work with young people, the promotion of "national personnel", assistance in learning Russian as a language. This largely characterizes national policy as an independent managerial phenomenon in the life of the modernizing Soviet society of the 1920s and 1930s. At the same time, the policy in question regarding Kazakh workers cannot be considered successful. Instead of the planned five thousand people, the enterprises were able to accommodate less than half. The arrivals settled in worse conditions than the local ones, had problems with payments and provision of food and wages. However, in the period 1932–1933, when famine was rampant in the Kazakh ASSR, even work in the Urals could save hundreds of lives. The harsh reaction with which the regional leadership attacked local enterprises for inattention to solving the tasks of national policy, as well as the very reaction of enterprises and the subsequent repression against those responsible exclude the version of a conscious policy of genocide of the Kazakh people, which a number of public figures and foreign historians see in Soviet policy in the Kazakh ASSR of the 1930s.