Assessing the influence of comfortable and safe environment on tourist perceptions to visit: coordination analysis between remote sensing and digital reviews

The sustainable development of tourism is considerably influenced by the impact of comfort and safety on tourist perceptions however, the comprehension of these factors is still limited for tourism cities. This study analysed coupling coordination degree (CCD) and obstacle degree in 38 tourist destinations in Bhopal city, India, focusing on thermal comfort and night lighting with digital safety. It found that most (63.38%) had medium coordination, with enclosed destinations having higher coordination. Obstacle factors in safe and comfortable tourist destination (SCTD) in city included discomfort (52.19%) and safety (23%) issues. Best visits are in September, January, February, March, and September due to pleasant climate, safety measures, positive reviews and street lighting visibility. This longitudinal study uses CCD to analyse comfort and safety in 38 destinations in Bhopal, examining thermal, digital, and physical factors influencing tourists’ perceptions. It emphasises monthly data incorporation, explores destination-level factors influencing SCTD creation, and provides legislative guidance for sustainable development goals 9 and 11. The study offers urban legislative guidance and policy proposals for destination-level sustainable development, with future research involving structured questionnaires, on-site measurements, and interviews to assess tourist responses.