Eccentric training modalities to affect range of motion in the rehabilitation of lower limb musculoskeletal disorders: a scoping review

Introduction Physiological adaptations to eccentric training suggest its potential for increasing range of motion (ROM) in the rehabilitation process following musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Therefore, this scoping review aims to describe eccentric training protocols during tissue healing of lower limb MSD with regard to ROM outcomes.Methods A scoping review was conducted across four electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were MSD of the lower limb, an intervention using an eccentric training protocol, and ROM or fascicle length measurements.Results 1858 studies were screened, and 56 full texts have been evaluated. Of these, four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one case report were included. There were 70 participants in the exercise groups, all having chronic conditions. Studies applied the intervention for four to twelve weeks including 16 to 168 training sessions with exercises tailored to the underlying pathology. ROM was assessed by goniometry, weight-bearing lunge test and angle of peak torque.Conclusion Eccentric exercises and training parameters varied depending on the specific pathophysiology of different MSDs and patient groups, ranging from progressive load increases to functional exercises. The current focus on chronic conditions underscores the need for further research into different stages of healing and the investigation of structural-level adaptations.