Bridging neurotransmission and tumor biology: the emerging focus on CHRM1 in skin cancer therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and has shown an upward trend recently. Among various types, melanoma skin cancer is known to be the most dangerous, exhibiting resistance to treatment, and is also prone to metastasis. Targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches, despite their potential, exhibit limitations. Recently, the research focus has shifted to various neurotransmitter-mediated pathways acting as a key mediator between tumor development and neuronal signaling. Among them, CHRM1 has garnered traction as a target that supports tumor growth and proliferation in skin cancer. Areas covered This review aims to address the role of acetylcholine-mediated interaction between keratinocytes and melanocytes for its implications in skin cancer. It has a special focus on CHRM1 as a central mediator influencing key survival and growth pathways linked to cholinergic input. It functions in a context-dependent manner, indicating its role as a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target. Expert opinion Targeting CHRM1 represents a novel approach toward the treatment of skin cancer. The future advances in targeted delivery and rational drug combinations with existing therapies will be of critical significance against therapy resistance and opening the way for newer therapies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT